What is Ingress Protection Rating or IP:
IP (Ingress Protection) Rating for Equipment and Enclosures is a
two-digit number (as specified in Australian Standards AS60529 and EN60529) that is used to provide an IP Rating to a piece of electronic equipment or to an enclosure for electronic equipment.
The two digits represent three different forms of environmental influence:
The first digit represents protection against ingress of solid objects such as dust. The second digit represents protection against ingress of liquids such as water.
The larger the value of each digit, the greater the protection from that influence. As an example, a product rated as IP65 would be better protected against environmental factors than another similar product that was only rated as IP42.
More information on IP Ratings and associated test can be found
here.
How do you Calibrate a Thermometer:
One method is called the Ice Point ...
Fill an insulated container mixture of crushed ice and water.
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The container must have crushed ice throughout to provide an environment of 0°C, so you may have to pack more ice into the container during the process
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When the mixture of the water has stabilised after five minutes, insert the thermometer to be calibrated to the appropriate immersion depth. (note: from tip of thermometer to the dimple on stem is the sensing portion)
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Be sure to hold the stem of the instrument away from the bottom and sides of the container (preferably one inch) to avoid error. Wait until the thermometer stabilises before adjusting the thermometer
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If your thermometer is not accurate within +/- 1°C of 0°C., adjust the thermometer accordingly. The ice point method permits calibration to within 0.1°C
Guide To Frothing Milk Using Brannan Large Face Milk & Coffee Thermometers:
These units are commercial units sold into coffee shops etc. TIP: The frothed milk should be at about 70 to 72 degrees Centigrade (158 to 162 degrees Fahrenheit). When using the thermometer you will need to finish the frothing process at a slightly lower temperature because the thermometer takes a moment to "catch up" with the actual temperature of the milk. These specialised milk frothing thermometers have a coloured red mark at about 60 degrees Centigrade so that you finish frothing when the needle enters the zone between 60 degree mark and the green coloured band and by the time the thermometer has caught up it should be at the correct temperature at the lower end of the coloured band. If this is still too hot for your liking adjust you temperature earlier than the 60 mark. Use these thermometers to make the coffee to your liking.